The identities of the victims will be withheld

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RHEL5下如何使用LUN

            LUN(logic unit number)类似于linux下的LV(逻辑卷),可以理解为存储设备分配给主机使用的空间。它区分intiator端和target端。一般intiator端指前端主机,target端指后端存储。
那我们linux主机要使用LUN,首先是在后端存储上创建RAID–》创建热备盘–》创建LUN–》创建主

机组–》创建主机–》映射主机到LUN,然后是在主机端通过HBA卡或iscsi-initiator软件发起一个

连接。下面以iscsi-initiator软件为例:

 RHEL 5已开始在内核中加入了对iSCSI的支持,使用的 iSCSI Initiator软件是iscsi-initiator-

utils,其配置方式与RHEL4 及其它linux发行版有不少区别。参考步骤如下:

Step1:安装iscsi-initiator-utils软件
#rpm -ivh iscsi-initiator-utils
#rpm -ql iscsi-initiator-utils
Step2:启动icsid服务,并且设置系统自动启动该服务
#chkconfig iscsi on

Step3:修改initiator端名称
#cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.isci
InitiatorName=linux5 (自己定义)

Step4:启动iscsi服务
#service iscsi start
#service iscsi status
iscsid (pid 3697 3696) is running…
Step5:从一个指定的主机名中获取可用的目标列表
#iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 存储业务口IP地址

Step6:使用下面命令登录可用的目标
#iscsiadm -m node -p 业务口IP地址 -l

Step7:连到存储设备管理界面,给对应linux主机分配端口启动器
找到step3中指定的InitiatorName项

Step8:linux主机端再次重启iscsi服务
#service iscsi restart

step9:验证磁盘信息
#fdisk -l
此时应该能看到第2块磁盘

接下来的事情就是分区、格式化、挂载、I/O读写了。

还可以查看iSCSI session信息

用iscsiadm -m session –i查看iSCSI session和设备信息

这样将可以允许对目标进行访问,目标信息被存储在/var/lib/iscsi中

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主流存储网络类型分析

         根据IT领域的摩尔定律:在当今的信息环境下,数据将随着时间的推移而呈几何级数增长。庞大的信息使得人们在信息存储方面所花费的管理和维护开销大大增加,如何合理安全的保存这些新增的数据,又如何从浩瀚如海的信息中顺利找到我们需要的资源,这些问题成为数据管理人员面临的难题。这就是存储网络产生的缘由!

         目前主要的存储网络有:

DAS 直接连接存储

NAS 网络附加存储

SAN 存储区域网络

1DAS

       开放系统的直连式存储, 直连式存储依赖服务器主机操作系统进行数据的IO读写和存储维护管理,数据备份和恢复要求占用服务器主机资源(包括CPU、系统IO等),其网络拓扑如下:

 

优点:连接简单、初期投入较少

缺点:连接距离短、数据分散,共享困难、存取空间利用率低、扩展性有限

应用:数据库应用

2NAS

    是一种将分布、独立的数据整合为大型、集中化管理的数据中心,以便于对不同主机和应用服务器进行访问的技术。它以数据为中心,将存储设备与服务器彻底分离,集中管理数据,从而释放带宽、提高性能、降低总拥有成本、保护投资。

拓扑如下:

 

优点:不占用主机资源、广泛支持各种操作系统、扩展性较好、即插即用,安装简单方便

缺点:不适合数据量大的块级别应用、数据存储占用网络带宽

应用:文件服务器

 

3)SANStorage Area Network

就是存储区域网络,是真正的专注于企业级的存储。

拓扑如下:

 

最初的SAN专指FC SAN(光纤通道)。FC网络主要构件有:光纤交换机、主机HBA卡、光纤盘柜及网络连接器。不过由于FC网络和普通以太网是完全异构的体系,而且各个FC厂商设备都遵循自己的一套标准,兼容性不好、没有形成一个统一的标准。再加上设备成本、管理成本较高,使得FC的普及始终不是很好。

那么现在除了FC SAN,还有IP SAN和 SAS SAN,其中以IP SAN 发展最快,应用最广。所谓IP SAN指的是通过iscsi协议将SCSI指令在IP 的网络上进行传输。那什么是iscsi ?

iSCSI(互联网小型计算机系统接口)是一种在Internet协议网络上,特别是以太网上进行数据块传输的标准,是一种集成了IP和SCSI的技术。它最大的特点就是让标准的SCSI命令能够在TCP/IP网络上的主机系统(启动器)和存储设备(目标) 之间传送。与光纤通道相比,iSCSI具有许多优势,用‘iSCSI=低廉+高性能’这个等式来表示再恰当不过了。iSCSI是基于IP协议的技术标准, 实现了SCSI和TCP/IP协议的连接,那些以局域网为网络环境的用户只需要少量的投入,就可以方便、快捷地对信息和数据进行交互式传输和管理。相对于 以往的网络接入存储,iSCSI的产生解决了开放性、容量、传输速度以及兼容性等许多问题,让用户可以通过现有的TCP/IP网络来构建存储区域网,能够 更容易地管理SAN存储。下面是IP SAN 的拓扑:

 

优点:高扩展性、高可用性、数据集中、易管理

缺点:成本相对较高

应用:异地容灾、块级别大容量存储

    以上是针对当前主流的3种存储网络类型做了简单分析。在现实生活当中,我们还需要针对客户的具体需求,结合相关技术综合研判和分析,做到具体情况具体对待。

 

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